Physiological constraints on the latitudinal distribution of the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. subsp. australasica (Walp.) J. Everett in New Zealand Thesis
- Author
- Catherine M. Beard
- Year
- 2006
- Publisher / Organisation
- University of Waikato
- Pages
- 262
- Species
- Avicennia marina subsp. australasica, manawa, mangrove, Avicennia marina, Avicennia marina var. resinifera, Avicennia resinifera
- Keywords
- mangrove, latitude, distribution, physiological constraints
- Summary
- PDF available at link New Zealand's only mangrove species, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. subsp. australasica (Walp) Everett (Avicenniaceae), has a clearly defined southern natural limit around latitude 38° S. Historically, this has been attributed to the lethal effects of winter frosts (Chapman & Ronaldson, 1958) and, more recently to poor species dispersal and lack of suitable habitat south of the present species boundary ( de Lange & de Lange, 1994).